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    塑料表面體積電阻率測(cè)定儀廠家

    價(jià)格:38450元瀏覽:146次聯(lián)系:劉元元 / 15132636097 / 企業(yè):北京北廣精儀儀器設(shè)備有限公司留言店鋪收藏

    塑料表面體積電阻率測(cè)定儀廠家  技術(shù)參數(shù):

    1、電阻測(cè)量范圍1?104Ω~1?1018Ω

    2、電流測(cè)量范圍2?10-4A~1?10-16A

    3、顯 示 方 式 數(shù)字液晶顯示

    4、內(nèi)置測(cè)試電壓10V、50V、100V、250V、500V、1000V

    5、基本準(zhǔn)確度1%

    6、使用環(huán)境 溫度:0℃~40℃,相對(duì)濕度<80%

    7、供電形式AC 220V,50HZ,功耗約5W

    8、儀器尺寸285mm? 245mm? 120 mm

    9、質(zhì)量約5KG

    10、體積小、重量輕、準(zhǔn)確度高電阻、電流雙顯示,性能好穩(wěn)定、讀數(shù)方便

    11、使測(cè)量超高電阻就如用萬(wàn)用表測(cè)量普通電阻樣簡(jiǎn)便免去老式高阻計(jì)在不同測(cè)試電壓下或不同量程時(shí)要乘以系數(shù)等使用不便的麻煩

    塑料薄膜電阻率測(cè)定儀既可測(cè)量高電阻,又可測(cè)微電流。采用了美國(guó)Intel公司的大規(guī)模集成電路,使儀器體積小、重量輕、準(zhǔn)確度高。以雙3.1/2位數(shù)字直接顯示電阻的高阻計(jì)和電流。量限從1?104Ω~1?1018 Ω,是目前國(guó)內(nèi)測(cè)量范圍 寬,準(zhǔn)確度 高的數(shù)字超高阻測(cè)量?jī)x。

    塑料表面體積電阻率測(cè)定儀廠家  材料說(shuō)明

     

      A、通常,絕緣材料用于電氣系統(tǒng)的各部件相互絕緣和對(duì)地絕緣,固體絕緣材料還起機(jī)械支撐作用.一般希望材料有盡可能高的絕緣電阻,并具有合適的機(jī)械、化學(xué)和耐熱性能.

     

      B、體積電阻班組可作為選擇絕緣材料的一個(gè)參數(shù),電阻率隨溫度和濕度的京戲化而顯著變化.體積電阻率的測(cè)量常常用來(lái)檢查絕緣材料是否均勻,或都用來(lái)檢測(cè)那些能影響材料質(zhì)量而又不能作其他方法檢測(cè)到的導(dǎo)電雜質(zhì).

     

      C、當(dāng)直流電壓加到與試樣接觸的兩電極間時(shí),通過(guò)試樣的電流會(huì)指數(shù)式地衰減到一個(gè)穩(wěn)定值.電流隨時(shí)間的減小可能是由于電介質(zhì)極化和可動(dòng)離子位移到電極所致.對(duì)于體積電阻小于10的10Ω.m

     

      的材料,其穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)通常在1min內(nèi)達(dá)到.因此,要經(jīng)過(guò)這個(gè)電化時(shí)間后測(cè)定電阻.對(duì)于電阻率較高的材料,電流減小的過(guò)程可能會(huì)持續(xù)幾分鐘、幾小時(shí)、幾天,因此需要用較長(zhǎng)的電化時(shí)間.如果需要的話(huà),可用體積電阻率與關(guān)系來(lái)描述材料的特性.

     

      D、由于體積電阻總是要被或多或少地包括到表面電阻的測(cè)試中去,因些近似地測(cè)量表面電阻,測(cè)得的表面電阻值主要反映被測(cè)試樣表面污染的程度.所以,表面電阻率不是表面材料本身特性的參數(shù),而是一個(gè)有關(guān)材料表面污染特性的參數(shù).

     

      當(dāng)表面電阻較高時(shí),它常隨時(shí)間以不規(guī)則的方式變化.測(cè)量表面電阻通常都規(guī)定11min的電化時(shí)間.

     

    試樣處置

    電極之間或測(cè)量電極與大地之間的雜散電流對(duì)于測(cè)試儀器的讀數(shù)沒(méi)有明顯的影響這一點(diǎn)很重要。測(cè)試時(shí)加電極到試樣上和安放試樣時(shí)均要極為小心,以免可能產(chǎn)生對(duì)測(cè)試結(jié)果有不良影響的雜散電流通道。

    測(cè)量表面電阻時(shí),不要清洗表面,除非另有協(xié)議或規(guī)定。除了同二材料的另一個(gè)試樣的未被觸模過(guò)的表面可觸及被測(cè)試樣外,表面被測(cè)部分不應(yīng)被任何東西觸及。

     

    什么是電阻率?

     

      電阻跟導(dǎo)體的材料、橫截面積、長(zhǎng)度有關(guān)。

     

      導(dǎo)體的電阻與兩端的電壓以及通過(guò)導(dǎo)體的電流無(wú)關(guān)。

     

      導(dǎo)體電阻跟它長(zhǎng)度成正比,跟它的橫截面積成反比.

     

      (1)定義或解釋

     

      電阻率是用來(lái)表示各種物質(zhì)電阻特性的物理量。用某種材料制成的長(zhǎng)為1米、橫截面積為1mm2米。的導(dǎo)體的電阻,在數(shù)值上等于這種材料的、電阻率。

     

      (2)單位

     

      在國(guó)際單位制中,電阻率的單位是歐姆?米。一般常用的單位是歐姆?毫米2/米。

     

      (3)說(shuō)明

     

     ?、匐娮杪师巡粌H和導(dǎo)體的材料有關(guān),還和導(dǎo)體的溫度有關(guān)。在溫度變化不大的范圍內(nèi),幾乎所有金屬的電阻率隨溫度作線性變化,即ρ=ρo(1 at)。式中t是攝氏溫度,ρo是O℃時(shí)的電阻率,a是電阻率溫度系數(shù)。

     

     ?、谟捎陔娮杪孰S溫度改變而改變,所以對(duì)于某些電器的電阻,必須說(shuō)明它們所處的物理狀態(tài)。如一個(gè)220V

     

      100W電燈燈絲的電阻,通電時(shí)是484歐姆,未通電時(shí)只有40歐姆左右。

     

     ?、垭娮杪屎碗娮枋莾蓚€(gè)不同的概念。電阻率是反映物質(zhì)對(duì)電流阻礙作用的屬性,電阻是反映物體對(duì)電流阻礙作用的屬性。

     

    What is electrical resistivity?

     

    Resistance is related to the material, cross-sectional area, and length of the conductor.

     

    The resistance of a conductor is independent of the voltage at both ends and the current passing through the conductor.

     

    The resistance of a conductor is directly proportional to its length and inversely proportional to its cross-sectional area

     

    (1) Definition or Explanation

     

    Electrical resistivity is a physical quantity used to represent the resistance characteristics of various substances. Made of a certain material with a length of 1 meter and a cross-sectional area of 1mm2. The resistance of a conductor is numerically equal to the resistivity of this material.

     

    (2) Unit

     

    In the International System of Units, the unit of electrical resistivity is ohms per meter. The commonly used unit is ohm ? mm2/meter.

     

    (3) Explanation

     

    ① The resistivity ρ is not only related to the material of the conductor, but also to the temperature of the conductor. Within a range where temperature does not change significantly, the resistivity of almost all metals varies linearly with temperature, i.e., ρ=ρ o (1 at). In the formula, t is the temperature in Celsius, ρ o is the resistivity at O ℃, and a is the temperature coefficient of resistivity.

     

    ② Due to the change in resistivity with temperature, it is necessary to explain the physical state of the resistance of certain electrical appliances. Like a 220V

     

    The resistance of a 100W electric lamp filament is 484 ohms when powered on and only about 40 ohms when not powered on.

     

    ③ Electrical resistivity and resistance are two different concepts. Electrical resistivity is a property that reflects the obstruction of current by a substance, while resistance is a property that reflects the obstruction of current by an object.

     

    電極材料

    8.1概述

    絕緣材料用的電極材料應(yīng)是一類(lèi)容易加到試樣上、能與試樣表面緊密接觸、且不致于因電極電阻或?qū)υ嚇拥奈廴径牒艽笳`差的導(dǎo)電材料。在試驗(yàn)條件下,電極材料應(yīng)能耐腐蝕。下面是可使用的一些典型的電極材料。電極應(yīng)與給定形狀和尺寸的合適的背襯電極一同使用。

    簡(jiǎn)便的做法是用兩種不同的電極材料或兩種不同的使用方法來(lái)了解電極材料是否會(huì)引人很大誤差。

    8.2導(dǎo)電銀漆

    某些高導(dǎo)電率的商品銀漆,無(wú)論是氣干的或低溫烘干的,是足夠疏松的、能透過(guò)溫氣,因此可在加上電極后對(duì)試樣進(jìn)行條件處理。這種特點(diǎn)特別適合研究電阻濕氣效應(yīng)以及電阻隨溫度的變化。然而,在導(dǎo)電漆被用作一種電極材料以前,應(yīng)證實(shí)漆中的潛劑不影響試樣的電性能。用精巧的毛刷可做到使保護(hù)電極的邊緣相當(dāng)光滑。但對(duì)于圓電極,可先用圓規(guī)畫(huà)出電極的輪廊,然后用刷子來(lái)涂滿(mǎn)內(nèi)部的方法來(lái)獲得精細(xì)的邊緣。如電極漆是用噴槍噴上去的,則可采用固定???。

    8.3噴鍍金屬

    可使用能滿(mǎn)意地粘合在試樣上的噴鍍金屬。薄的噴鍍電極的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是一旦噴在試樣上便可立即使用。這種電極或許是足夠疏松的,可允許對(duì)試樣進(jìn)行條件處理,但這→特點(diǎn)應(yīng)被證實(shí)。固定的模框可用 來(lái)制取被保護(hù)電極與保護(hù)電極之間的間隙。

    8.4蒸發(fā)或陰極真空噴鍍金屬

    當(dāng)能證明材料不受離子轟擊或真空處理的影響時(shí),蒸發(fā)或陰極真空噴鍍金屬能在與8. 3給出的相同條件下使用。

    8.5液體電極

    使用液體電極往往能得到滿(mǎn)意的結(jié)果。構(gòu)成上電極的液體應(yīng)被框住,例如用不銹鋼環(huán)來(lái)框住,每個(gè)環(huán)的下邊緣在不接觸液體的一面被斜削成銳邊。圖4給出了使用液體電極的裝置。 不推薦長(zhǎng)期使用或 在高溫下使用水銀,因?yàn)樗卸尽?/p>

    8.6膠體石墨

    分散在水中或其他合適媒質(zhì)中的肢體石墨可在與8. 2給出的相同條件下使用。

    8. 7導(dǎo)電橡皮

    導(dǎo)電橡皮可用作電極材料。它的優(yōu)點(diǎn)是能方便快捷地放上和移開(kāi)。由于只是在測(cè)定時(shí)才將電極放到試祥上,因此它不妨礙試樣的條件處理。導(dǎo)電橡皮應(yīng)足夠柔軟,以確保其在加上適當(dāng)?shù)膲毫? kPa(O. 2 N/cm2)時(shí)能與試樣緊密接觸。

    8.8金屬錨

    金屬錨可粘貼在試樣表面作為測(cè)量體積電阻用的電極,但它不適用于測(cè)量表面電阻。鉛、錦鉛合金、鋁和錫錨都是被普遍使用的。通常用少量的凡士林、硅脂、硅油或其他合適的材料作為粘貼劑將它們粘貼到試樣上去。含有下列組分的一種藥用膠適合用作導(dǎo)電粘貼劑:

    分子量為600的無(wú)水聚乙二醇800份(質(zhì)量)

    水200份(質(zhì)量)

    軟肥皂(藥用級(jí))1份(質(zhì)量)

    氧化鉀

    要在一個(gè)平穩(wěn)的壓力下粘貼電極,使之足以消除一切皺折和將多余的粘合劑趕到筒的邊緣,再用一塊干凈的薄紙擦去。用軟物如手指按壓能很好地做到這點(diǎn)。這個(gè)技巧僅適用于表面非常平滑的試樣。通過(guò)精心操作,粘合劑薄層可減小到0. 002 5 mm或更薄。

    Electrode material

    8.1 Overview

    The electrode material used for insulation materials should be a conductive material that is easy to apply to the sample, can be in close contact with the sample surface, and does not introduce significant errors due to electrode resistance or contamination of the sample. Under experimental conditions, the electrode material should be corrosion-resistant. Here are some typical electrode materials that can be used. The electrode should be used with a suitable backing electrode of the given shape and size.

    A simple approach is to use two different electrode materials or two different usage methods to determine whether the electrode material will introduce significant errors.

    8.2 Conductive Silver Paint

    Some high conductivity silver paints, whether air dried or low-temperature dried, are sufficiently loose and can pass through warm air, so they can be conditioned on the sample after adding electrodes. This characteristic is particularly suitable for studying the moisture effect of resistance and the variation of resistance with temperature. However, before using conductive paint as an electrode material, it should be confirmed that the latent agent in the paint does not affect the electrical properties of the sample. Using a delicate brush can make the edges of the protective electrode quite smooth. But for circular electrodes, you can first draw the contour of the electrode with a compass, and then use a brush to coat the inside to obtain fine edges. If the electrode paint is sprayed with a spray gun, a fixed mold frame can be used.

    8.3 Metal spraying

    Spray metal that can be satisfactorily adhered to the sample can be used. The advantage of thin spray coated electrodes is that they can be used immediately once sprayed onto the sample. This type of electrode may be loose enough to allow for conditioning of the sample, but this characteristic should be confirmed. A fixed mold frame can be used to create a gap between the protected electrode and the protective electrode.

    8.4 Evaporation or cathodic vacuum deposition of metals

    When it can be proven that the material is not affected by ion bombardment or vacuum treatment, evaporation or cathodic vacuum deposition of metals can be compared to 8 Use under the same conditions as given in 3.

    8.5 Liquid electrode

    The use of liquid electrodes often yields satisfactory results. The liquid that constitutes the upper electrode should be framed, for example, with stainless steel rings, and the lower edge of each ring should be chamfered to a sharp edge on the side that does not come into contact with the liquid. Figure 4 shows the device using liquid electrodes. It is not recommended to use mercury for a long time or at high temperatures because it is toxic.

    8.6 Colloidal graphite

    Limb graphite dispersed in water or other suitable media can be used in conjunction with 8 Use under the same conditions as given in 2.

    8.7 Conductive rubber

    Conductive rubber can be used as electrode material. Its advantage is that it can be easily and quickly placed on and removed. Since the electrode is only placed on the test sample during the measurement, it does not hinder the conditioning of the sample. The conductive rubber should be soft enough to ensure close contact with the sample when subjected to appropriate pressure, such as 2 kPa (0.2 N/cm2).

    8.8 Metal Anchor

    Metal anchors can be attached to the surface of the specimen as electrodes for measuring volume resistance, but they are not suitable for measuring surface resistance. Lead, lead alloy, aluminum, and tin anchors are commonly used. Usually, a small amount of Vaseline, silicone grease, silicone oil, or other suitable materials are used as adhesives to stick them to the sample. A medicinal adhesive containing the following components is suitable for use as a conductive adhesive:

    800 parts (mass) of anhydrous polyethylene glycol with a molecular weight of 600

    200 parts of water (by quality)

    1 serving of soft soap (medicinal grade) (quality)

    Potassium oxide

    To paste the electrode under a steady pressure, it is necessary to eliminate all wrinkles and push excess adhesive to the edge of the cylinder, and then wipe it off with a clean thin paper. Pressing with soft objects such as fingers can achieve this very well. This technique is only applicable to samples with very smooth surfaces. Through careful operation, the thin layer of adhesive can be reduced to 0 002 5mm or thinner.

    符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

    GB/T 1410-2006、GB 12014、GB/T 20991-2007、GB 4385-1995、GB 12158-2006、GB 4655-2003、GB/T 12703.4-2010、GB/T 12703.6-2010、GB 13348-2009、GB/T 15738-2008、GB/T 18044-2008、GB/T 18864-2002、GB/T 22042-2008、GB/T 22043-2008、GB/T 24249-2009、GB 26539-2011、GB/T 26825-2011、GB 50515-2010、GB 50611-2010、GJB 105-1998-Z、GJB 3007A-2009、GJB 5104-2004

    標(biāo)準(zhǔn)配置:

     1、儀器主機(jī) 一臺(tái)

     2、屏蔽箱一個(gè)

     3、試驗(yàn)電極三個(gè)

     4、說(shuō)明書(shū)一本

     5、電源線一條

     6、數(shù)據(jù)線三條

     7、合格證一份

     8、保修卡一份

    體積電阻率與表面電阻的區(qū)別

     

    體積電阻率和表面電阻是材料電學(xué)性能的兩個(gè)重要參數(shù),但兩者針對(duì)的測(cè)試對(duì)象和應(yīng)用場(chǎng)景不同。以下是兩者的主要區(qū)別:

     

     

    1. 定義與物理意義

    體積電阻率(Volume Resistivity)  

      體積電阻率是衡量材料內(nèi)部導(dǎo)電性能的參數(shù),表示單位體積材料對(duì)電流的阻礙能力。 

     

     

      體積電阻率反映材料本身的絕緣或?qū)щ娞匦?,與材料的成分、結(jié)構(gòu)及溫度密切相關(guān)。例如,絕緣塑料的 可達(dá)12次方-16次方,而金屬的 僅為  10的-6}- 10^-4次方 。

     

    表面電阻(Surface Resistance)  

      表面電阻是衡量材料表面導(dǎo)電性能的參數(shù),表示電流沿材料表面流動(dòng)時(shí)的阻礙能力。 

     

     

      表面電阻受材料表面狀態(tài)(如污染、濕度、氧化層)影響顯著,常用于評(píng)估材料的防靜電性能或漏電風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

     

    2. 測(cè)量方法與電極配置

    -體積電阻率測(cè)量  

      - 電極設(shè)計(jì):使用三電極系統(tǒng)(如保護(hù)環(huán)電極),確保電流僅通過(guò)材料內(nèi)部,避免表面電流干擾。  

      - 測(cè)試標(biāo)準(zhǔn):如 ASTM D257、IEC 60093。  

      - 適用場(chǎng)景:塊狀固體材料(如塑料、陶瓷、橡膠)的絕緣性能評(píng)估。

     

    - 表面電阻測(cè)量

      -電極設(shè)計(jì):采用平行電極或同心環(huán)電極,使電流沿材料表面流動(dòng)。  

      -測(cè)試標(biāo)準(zhǔn):如 ASTM D4496、IEC 61340。  

      -適用場(chǎng)景:薄膜、涂層、紡織品等表面導(dǎo)電性能測(cè)試,或防靜電材料的篩選。

     

     

    3. 應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域差異

    參數(shù)     

    體積電阻率:                                        

    核心用途評(píng)估材料內(nèi)部絕緣

    典型應(yīng)用電線絕緣層、電子封裝材料、高壓設(shè)備

    關(guān)鍵影響因素材料成分、溫度、雜質(zhì)濃度

     

    表面電阻:評(píng)估材料表面導(dǎo)電/防靜電性能 導(dǎo)電性

     

    影響因素表面清潔度、濕度、污染、氧化層  

     

    4. 實(shí)例對(duì)比

    絕緣塑料板: 

      體積電阻率高于15次方,說(shuō)明內(nèi)部絕緣性能優(yōu)異;  

      - 表面電阻可能因吸附水分而降低于12次方,表明表面存在微弱導(dǎo)電性。  

     

    5. 總結(jié)

    體積電阻率:表征材料整體的絕緣或?qū)щ娔芰?,是材料本征屬性的體現(xiàn)。 

    表面電阻:反映材料表面的導(dǎo)電特性,易受環(huán)境因素和表面狀態(tài)影響。 

     

    兩者在科研、工業(yè)質(zhì)檢中常需同時(shí)測(cè)試,以全面評(píng)估材料的電學(xué)性能(如高壓絕緣材料需高體積電阻率 高表面電阻,而防靜電材料需中等體積電阻率 低表面電阻)。

     

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